The incentive for this project proposal is the recent increased problem of fruit infesting caterpillars in organic pome fruit orchards. Possible causes are the appearance of the oriental codling moth (Grapholita molesta) and/or reduced efficacy of pheromone confusion/traps in the changed climate conditions. The main objective of this project is to clarify this by applied field research. Hereby, we foresee a targeted sampling campaign, the development of a fast reliable (molecular) diagnosis of caterpillars found inside fruits, the evaluation of new pheromone lures, and a data-driven analysis of pheromone confusion as a function of climate conditions. Based on the results, the model for predicting the dynamics of codling moth(s) and thus the biological control strategy will be optimised.